With regional and international heads of state gathering in Manila for the 31st Asean Summit, it seems appropriate to examine whether there are more effective drug policies for dealing with the harms caused by the presence of drugs in society. The Philippines offers a striking example of the costs of violent repression – in lives, increased violence, public expenditure, the impact on public health and the undermining of the rule of law. Yet despite these costs, there is no sign of any long-term disruption in trade, no long-lasting solution. Tragically, we have serious reasons to fear contagion of this violent approach to other countries in the region. Indeed, Cambodia initiated a crackdown in January that has resulted in the arbitrary arrests of more than 8,000 people.